Extremism: Political Philosophy and International Political Issues Essay

MANY counterterrorism and security experts believe that extremism and terrorism have a cause and effect relation. If this were true, it would be almost impossible for Pakistan to tackle the issues of terrorism and militancy without effectively responding to growing extremism and radicalism in the country. Countering extremism and extremist ideologies is an important component of the current debate on internal security and counterterrorism. Though extremism has yet to be defined in Pakistan at least there is a consensus in the country that terrorism is a major issue and needs to be addressed on a priority basis. On the other hand, the realm of extremism is very broad, and different segments of society hold diverse views regarding the phenomenon. Let us first take a look at the different views on extremism that are prevalent in the country and then examine the question of breaking its links with terrorism. Extremism is defined in Pakistan in a number of ways, and is used mainly in the political, religious, and social contexts. Political scientists consider it a political phenomenon, triggered by inequality, socio-economic injustices and state policies. In 2008-9, the Pak Institute for Peace Studies, an Islamabad-based research group, consulted several experts in the fields of political science, international relations, faith studies, science, media and human rights. Their opinion was sought through detailed discussions and a survey on issues of terrorism and extremism. Out of 16 experts, 11 agreed that extremism was a political phenomenon; only three looked at extremism in the light of an ideological struggle, whereas two experts linked extremism to the misinterpretation of religion. The experts also differed on what they considered to be the reasons behind extremism. Most of the respondents pointed out political, social and economic disparities as the main causes of extremism. A similar study that was conducted by the institute in 2009 to collect the views of teachers in madressahs showed that the majority of clerics and madressah teachers believed that extremism was a political issue. However, the respondents believed that regional and international political issues were more important. A large number of madressah teachers also thought that extremism in the country could only be countered if Pakistan distanced itself from the US-led war on terror. Very few discussed the religious and ideological aspects of extremism. They considered Talibanisation to be an outcome of state polices, and the state’s failure to enforce Islamic law in the country. The teachers also expressed concern over the ‘Westernisation’ of Pakistani society. Such narratives are also reflected in public opinion, and policymakers follow the same discourse. Even the debate in the right-wing media reflects the same approach. The opinions of those that are among the first targets of extremism are of obvious significance. Public opinion is shaped by the media as well as by religious and political leaders. It ultimately influences the political trends that a society is witnessing. But signs of confusion are discernible in public opinion with regard to extremist and violent groups. Another survey conducted by the institute to map the political behaviour of the masses revealed that though more than 56pc of Pakistanis acknowledge the services of religious scholars for Islam, over 53pc oppose a political role for the scholars. Public opinion considers the provision of justice and basic necessities as crucial to the exercise of countering extremism. Interestingly, marginalised segments of society including religious, sectarian and cultural minorities, women and those associated with the creative arts appear to hold a different view of extremism. According to the survey, they unanimously defined extremism as imbalanced ideological attitudes — attitudes that were conceived in a state of mind where an individual regards himself as superior to others and acts as an inquisitor. They classified the causes behind extremism as falling under three main categories: the misinterpretation of religion, political, economic and social inequalities and the lack of rational and logical behaviour. Such divergent perceptions on extremism are not surprising as the Taliban in the tribal areas, the Malakand region and adjacent parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa first targeted women, confining them to their homes and banning their entry in markets. Girls’ schools, Sufi shrines, cultural heritage sites and music shops have been torched and bombed. Violent activities and threats by the Taliban brought cultural activities and creative expressions, such as painting and poetry, to a halt in the affected areas. Each segment of Pakistani society has its own viewpoint on extremism and on how to counter it. The prevalence of diverse and often conflicting viewpoints makes it almost impossible for society to generate a collective response to issues of extremism and terrorism. Whereas the intellectuals lay more emphasis on ideological and empirical aspects when it comes to countering extremism, social experts and religious scholars vehemently assert that that is not an effective solution. More comprehensive studies and analyses may yield a clearer answer, but can the state afford to prioritise any particular set of causes said to be responsible for extremism and terrorism? Can the rationalisation of certain ideological, political and socio-cultural thinking patterns provide a quick fix for terrorism? Especially when views on extremism and also terrorism are paradoxical? At the same time, adjusting counter-extremism goals in the narrow operational framework of counterterrorism is an uphill task. Western counterterrorism frameworks cannot help Pakistan. In these frameworks, extremism and terrorism are not separated and a single policy is followed to deal with both challenges. The reason is that the challenge of terrorism in the West mainly originates from parallel societies of immigrant communities there. Adopting such an approach here would be devastating, as terrorism is not a community-oriented phenomenon in Pakistan. The government has to focus on countering terrorism to bring down the level of violence in the country. Until violence in the country is not reduced, both state and society will continue to suffer from the chicken and egg syndrome.

Investigating World Financial Markets Essay

The stock markets in consideration, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), the Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index (SSE), and the Australian All Ordinaries (ASX-All Ords) are among the major stock markets in the world. The value of these stock markets often gauge the local economy and is considered as the benchmark of economic health within their regions (Kaeppel, 2009). For instance, DJIA is the primary indicator of US economic health. Along with the S&P 500 and NASDAQ, the Dow is a collection of the top 30 industrial and commercial companies in the United States. The dominant industries in the DJIA range from Banking, Oil and Mining, Heavy Industries, and Food Manufacturing among others. According to Yahoo! Finance for the past couple of years during the global economic recession, the composition of the Dow has changed as it did for the past decades. Particularly, banking giants Citigroup and AIG were replaced in mid-2009 by The Travel Company and Kraft Foods, respectively due to the former’s poor stock performance on the onset of the global recession. One particular similarity of the stock markets mentioned in this paper is how other markets (SSE & ASX All Ords) were affected by the crisis that started in the United States. The Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index was at its all-time high (6000-level) in 2007 but suddenly cascaded downwards to the 4000 level during the global recession. The SSE in recent years has become a significant stock market indicator in Asia along with the Nikkei 225 of Japan and the Hang Seng in Hong Kong. The Shanghai bourse is divided into 2: Shanghai-A for foreigners and Shanghai-B for the local Chinese. Dominant industries in the SSE are mining and commercial banking. For instance, one of the largest IPOs in the world happened in 2007 during the listing of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC). Another is the Australian All Ordinaries which is on a league of its own. It is considered to be the primary bourse of the Australian market and is usually classified together with the Asian markets due to proximity. The ASX has been known for in the past due to its mining and rubber industries. The ASX of today however is dominated mostly by food manufacturers and commercial banking while mining industries still contribute significant amounts of trade volumes. On the other hand, this paper will also look into the bonds market through the JP Morgan Global Bond Market-All Maturities which are government issued IOUs which a government usually guarantees to pay on a specified amount of time. Usually issued as 5-10 year bonds, the bonds market are resistant to bankruptcy and default since the government guarantees it in a long period of time. Cross-Market Comparisons The performance of the stock markets around the world has suffered a lot for the past two years due to the global economic crisis. Several banks and industries filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and sought for their governments to intervene (Selden, 2010). On Figure 1 below, the US market in general was already on a downward direction even before the worse of the global crisis. This was due to the fact that defaults on the US Housing market was heavily affecting investor sentiments and the uncertainty of the then incoming US presidential elections was leading the markets down. With the DJIA as one of the benchmark indices for other markets in Europe and Asia-Pacific, the SSE and the ASX also were on a minor down shift. This worsened when the American company Lehman Brothers which is a century-old company in the US filed for bankruptcy on September 2008 prompting panic on Wall Street and around the world. News stories of companies with large defaulting accounts sent shockwaves in other markets causing bear markets around the world as reflected on the graph. A slight recovery was seen on March of 2009 when newly sworn US President Barrack Obama agreed to bail out Wall St and provided Bailout packages to Citigroup and the US Auto Industry. On Australia, the market also reacted positively over the acquisition of BHP Billiton of Rio Tinto in late 2009 ending a series of sour negotiations in the previous year. China was also able to prove that it was resistant to the worse of the financial crisis and was still able to compensate for its 11% inflation for 2008. The local Chinese economy was also saved by the revenues from the 2008 Beijing Olympics as well as other industries who are still eager to invest in China all the more in order to reduce costs.

Analysis of Central Idea in Helena Maria Viramontes’ “The Moths” Essay

The short story â€Å"The Moths† by Helena Maria ViraMontes is the story of a Latina granddaughter reminiscing about her relationships between herself and family, most specifically with her grandmother, when the narrator was a teenage girl. The narrator speaks about the indifference she felt among her sisters because she feels she was not pretty enough and could not â€Å"do the girl things they could do† (ViraMontes 1118.) Furthermore she expresses that she is always in trouble and she is used to getting punished for her disruptiveness. She spends her time watching over her grandmother since her grandmother has always watched over her. Throughout the story, the grandmother progressively becomes more and more ill with cancer, while the grandaughter becomes more and more emotionally, and productively responsible. Finally the cancer kills the grandmother, and the granddaughter continues to take care of her, undressing her and washing her in the tub, as she holds her and rocks her back and forth. At this point, moths are released from the grandmother; the moths which the grandmother told the granddaughter â€Å"lay within the soul and slowly eat the spirit up† (ViraMontes 1121.) The granddaughter cries and sobs in the tub with her grandmother until her sadness transformed into relief. Later the granddaughter talks about the sun and how it cannot shine forever. It must disappear in order to reappear for the next day. She also notices that â€Å"endings are inevitable† (ViraMontes 1121) and it is necessary to be reborn. After the grandmother has passed, on the granddaughter who felt so distant from her mother, now longs to be with her, to establish a new relationship was born from the death of an old one. Therefore during emotionally challenging times, we must all be able to let our guard down, be vulnerable, and allow our emotions to own us in order to obtain peace in one’s life.

How a Bill Becomes a Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How a Bill Becomes a Law - Case Study Example Nurses’ working hours should be set. A nurse should be prohibited from working overtime after the end of his/her shift even if it is voluntary. A minimum of 3 nurses should handle a 24 hour shift where each nurse works a maximum of 8 hours. This will reduce nurse fatigue and subsequently improve the quality of health care provided. Among nurses, work shifts of 12 hours or more have become a common occurrence. This act of working long hours can be attributed to different factors such as the shortage of nurses, attractive incentives for overtime work or nurses volunteering to work extra hours. However, extended work shifts have a negative impact on nurses and their patients. Findings from a study carried out by Stimpfel, Sloane and Aiken in 2012 indicated that nurses who work for longer shifts (12 hours and more) were twice more likely to suffer from job dissatisfaction and burnout than nurses who worked shorter shifts. Due to job dissatisfaction, nurses tend to leave or quit the practice, and thereby contributing to the already shortage of nurses in hospitals. Additionally, patient dissatisfaction was higher in nurses who worked for longer shifts. Furthermore, the long working hours undermine nurses’ well-being. Also, a study carried out by Rogers et al in 2004 titled ‘The Working Hours Of Hospital Nurses And Patient Safety’ stated that long working hours had a negative effect on patient safety. According to the study, near errors and errors were likely to happen if nurses worked for more than 12 hours continuously.

Salem co-operative education application Assignment

Salem co-operative education application - Assignment Example (Please note: bullet points are acceptable and, although, you are required to write no more than ONE page, you are encouraged to submit relevant documents, such as organisational charts.If your employer has a website please include the URL. reference the source of your information. Brand House Advertising Services started its operations in the summer of 1992. They offered services related to large format specialized printing of traditional and new media designs. The company has an expertise and experience in delivering quality printing that is way beyond the expectation of the clients. The number of employees working in the organization is less than 30. The company uses both modern technology and recent trends in creative and printing advertisements that helps in managing, creating and evolving as a part of a creative office that caters to the various advertising needs of the clients. Through utmost dedication, magnificent process and extreme hard work the company is able to create a nd maintain clear channels of communication for their customers. The main objective of the company is irrespective of what they are developing, a new product or creating a new identity for the brand within the existing guidelines, the company follows a well planned and designed development procedure that would help in placing it much more above the competitors existing in its area of activity. This helps the company in exhibiting their commitment towards the customers and the business. The main strategy of the Brand House Advertising Services is to gain a clear insight about the clients regarding what are they doing, who are their clients and what products and services are they offering to the target market so that accordingly Brand House can plan for the customers. Brand House provides advice to their clients regarding choosing of a most suitable medium of advertising that would create maximum impact on the customers. Since it is a private organization the turnover is kept secret. 3. Your Position Description Job Title: Administrative Coordinator Workplace Supervisor: Naif M. Alsuba EITHER Submit a copy of your official company Position Description. Or If you don’t have a Position Description Complete the AUT Business Co-operative Education Placement Position Description. You will need to source the information to complete this position description from your Employer Organisation. Description of the Position My role as an Administrative Coordinator is to coordinate the office procedures and operations and provide extensive support to the Administrative team. My job responsibilities also includes implementation administrative and office procedures and policies that includes maintaining correct records related to various office processes and coordinating various office supplies and operating system. The main responsibility includes extensive administrative support to the administrative team. CO-OPERATIVE EDUCATION PLACEMENT: Brand House Advertising Servi ce Company REPORTS TO: Naif M. Alsuba STARTING DATE: 10th of Aug 2013 CLOSING DATE: 10th of Nov 2013 The purpose of this position is: Taking dictation and writing correspondence Reading and screening correspondence Receiving and screening callers and visitors Coordinating the executive's calendar, schedule and itinerary Making travel arrangements Prioritizing and referring information appropriately Producing documents, charts and presentations Editing documents and preparing them for executive approval Maintaining

Why M&A's failure is a topic of key strategic relevance Dissertation

Why M&A's failure is a topic of key strategic relevance - Dissertation Example On the other hand, external factors include the actual market condition where the cross border mergers and acquisition took place, the actual market competition that happens within the industry level, and the role of government intervention through policies and regulations. Specifically the case of SAIC was unique as compared to the British Aerospace (BAe), BMW and Phoenix Consortium is because the company decided to create business alliance with MG Rover through joint-venture method rather than acquisition method. Since SAIC agreed to enter into joint-venture arrangement with MG Rover, the company (SAIC) was able to free itself from the risk of having to share MG Rover’s debt obligations. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................ 2 Table of Contents .................................................................... 3 I. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 a. Case Study Overview ............................................... 6 a.1 Historical Background of MG Rover †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 a.... .................................................. 14 III. Research Methodology †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 17 a. Primary Research Method †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....†¦.. 17 a.1 Target Interviewees ........................†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 20 a.2 Site of the Research Study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 21 b. Secondary Research Method †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......... 21 IV. Research Findings and Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 22 a. Internal Factors that Promotes a Failed Merger and Acquisition ............................................ 23 a.1 Unclear or Undefined Organizational Vision and Mission ..................................... 23 a.2 The Presence of Cultural Clashes Resulting to Organizational Miscommunication ..................................... 24 a.4 Lack of Business Integration ...................... 26 b. External Factors that Promotes a Failed Merger and Acquisition ............................................ 29 b.1 Market Condition ........................................ 30 b.2 Market Competition within the Industry ...... 31 b.3 Government Policies and Regulations ....... 33 V. Conclusion and Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 36 a. Conclusion .............................................................. 36 a.1 MG Rover and the British Aerospace (BAe) . 36 a.2 MG Rover and BMW ................................... 38 a.3 MG Rover and Phoenix .............................. 41 a.4 MG Rover and SAIC ................................... 44 b. Recommendations ............................................. 44 Appendix I – Historical Timeline of MG Rover †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 47 Appendix II – Semi-Structured Interview Questionnaire †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 48 Appendix III – Reasons why BAe, BMW,

Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Humanities - Essay Example e, sceptics continuously claim that the flood of Noah in the book of Genesis is a rewritten version of the original myth called the Epic of Gilgamesh written and produced by the Sumerians in a form of a poem. It is imperative to note that, the flood of the epic of Gilgamesh is enclosed on the Tablet XI, which is one of the 212 tablets dated to 650B.C (The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Old Testament, 9). The tablets might not perceptibly be the originals, because the remains of the Gilgamesh flood story have been established on tablets dated to earlier dates such as 2000.B.C. On the other hand, the Genesis story about the flood is not dated, however, the liberal researchers have dated it between 1500-500B.C. some of the similarities that have made liberal scholars believe that the Genesis flood story is founded in the Gilgamesh story include The significance of the names of the heroes does not exhibit any common similarity or linkage. For instance, Noah meant â€Å"rest†, while Utnapishtim meant finder of life. However, both of them were considered righteous and faultless as compared with the rest. On the composition of those who entered the boat, Utnapishtim took a pilot, artisans and his family (The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Old Testament, 10). Equally, it is fascinating to find out that both floods trace to the same place; the Middle East, nonetheless the tow mountains, Ararat and Nisir are 300 miles apart. In addition, the gift or blessing the heroes received after the floods was different. For instance, Noah received the blessing of multiplying and filling the earth and taking charge of all animals, while Utnapishtim was offered eternal life. The account that in both floods a boat existed is an obvious expectation for any danger, there must be a means of escape and the boats served this purpose in both cases. Equally, the construction of the boats was attributed to the knowledge of the coming of danger, which originated from somebody thus the existence of both God

The Analysis of Philosophers Against the Family Article by Christina Essay - 1

The Analysis of Philosophers Against the Family Article by Christina Hoff Summers - Essay Example The paper will also analyze the view of the author and how it has been justified in her claims. The conclusion drawn by the author is also a point that will be reviewed in the paper. The author is basically against the radical movement of modern day feminists. Summers is denouncing radical feminist movement and comments that their views are not connected to true aspirations of women. ( Thesis) Christina Hoff Summers in her article â€Å"Philosophers against the Family â€Å"is arguing about the absurdities of the modern radical feminists. She is claiming that what the radical feminist demands for is not the true wants of a woman. According to the author, a woman wants to be in a family and take care of her children and she does not wants to dominate men as feminist seek. A woman wants equal and fair rights in the workplace and society and does not want any extraordinary power like the feminists to perceive. Her aim is to show the world the true inner self of a woman and for this; s he is outrightly demeaning radical feminists. According to her liberalism is advocating social reform with conservative spirits and it should not be supernal to the social institutions under which people operate. The radicals want to do away with social mores and institutions but the liberal focuses on social reforms. Summers aligns herself with liberal camp while attacking many of the radical ideas of modern feminists. The author has an idea that it is perfect to approach family ties and ethics from a liberal or conservative framework but a radical approach can hamper the society and disrupts people’s happiness. Sommers understand that modern radical movement has neglected social institutions that do not fit in the traditional utilitarian or Kantian frameworks. Family is one of social institutions and philosophers have often ignored it or had made an attempt to change or abolish it dramatically. The author deems this and cites many examples where the radical alteration of fa mily has happened.

Research Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research Study - Assignment Example It was found that segmentation depends on a number of factors ranging from age, sexual orientation, education to even age. The benefits also spread far and wide from helping in identification of the most and least profitable customers, enabling grouping of consumers by factors like type and size of organization, category and lifestyle of consumers, geographical location, attitudes and behavior, enhancing customer service, helping a business build loyal relationships and so forth. Successful segmentation research, it was found, minimizes the number of segments only giving rise to a small number of big segments. Good research will enable classification of these groups through economic data and other essential information on how these segments change and develop over time. Both Bloomindale and Nordstrom offer high quality products and services though Nordstrom also serves customers of more modest means. Nordstrom Inc. is an upmarket American fashion department store, founded by Carl F. Wallin and John W. Nordstrom currently having its headquarters in Washington’s Seattle. Shoe retail was the company’s beginning and has since grown their catalog to incorporate cosmetics, clothing fragrances, accessories, jewelry and handbags. Some select Nordstrom stores also stock home furnishing and wedding sections. Asof March 16, 2012 it had 225 stores in the United States stores situated in 30 states. There about 245 stores effective in 35 states, which include about 140 Nordstrom Racks and approximately117 Full-Line stores. As of the year 2012, it is the 5th largest department store company in the U.S. by retail sales and the thirty-fourth largest Store in the US in 2013 in terms of revenue. Presently, Nordstrom has distribution centers in, Maryland, California, Oregon, Gainesville, Iowa, Ontario, Upper Marlboro, Dubuque, Florida and Portland (Businessweek.com.

Making a major Purchase Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Making a major Purchase - Term Paper Example The need for shelter is a necessity. Such, individual has to buy a house at some time or another. The bigger question would be when and will it be right time to buy it. The act of purchasing a house is relatively infrequent and generally constitutes an individual or a family’s â€Å"single most important investment and expenditure (Levy et al., 2008 pg. 253). To make the analysis clearer in this case, let us assume that the buying decision to purchase will be made on cash. Buying on cash can also demonstrate clearly the economic principles behind making such decision or indecision. To illustrate further these economic principles, let us assume that the buyer is a typical middle class with a regular job and regular income that making a purchase would require a serious evaluation on his or her part. A house is a need. It shelters us from the vicissitudes of the weather and the inclemencies of the storm. It provides a place for rest and recreation where we can grow our families and live as a person. But before getting those benefits, we can consider what we have to give up. This consideration is very important because purchasing a house is the most expensive purchase that we will make. In addition, we have to be careful in letting go of our scarce resources especially that we are still in the process of recovery. The economy has to be considered in making that purchase. There are two things that should be considered before making that purchase; first, is the economic condition of the economy as this will determine the price of the house whether it is the time to make the purchase and this will also determine the individual’s capacity to pay. The economy is still in the process of recovering and it may be slow certainly not entering into a recession as observed by Fred Smith, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of FedEx Corp. (FDX) (Del Giudice, 2011).

The Differences Between Public and Private Accounting Research Paper

The Differences Between Public and Private Accounting - Research Paper Example According to Eisen, accounting refers to the â€Å"art of organizing, maintaining, recording, and analyzing financial activities† (1). The work of an accountant is to convert the accounting information into meaningful terms that are understandable and thus can be used by interested parties. An accounting system can use a simple check register or use the Microsoft Office Accounting which is more appropriate. Although accountants follow the same procedure as bookkeepers, an accountant can design a system that will capture all the necessary details that are needed in a business (Snyder Microsoft.com). Accounting systems are there to serve the control, management, and planning purposes of public finance administration. There are many reasons why accounting is said to be very vital. Just like the language of business, every business owner should be able to know the importance of accounting. Accounting is important as it helps in interpretation of companies operations and finances. Another reason why accounting should be considered important is the fact that it is usually considered as the guiding force to good management decisions in a particular company. No company management team can make sound decisions without knowing how the company finances are. It is important because it helps people to move to a next level in their plans for business. For example, with accounting, a business owner is able to avoid fraud that can cause the downfall of his or her businesses. 2. Differences between Private Accounting and Public Accounting There are many ways of classifying accounting and accountants but the most common method is whether it is private or public. Most college students get stranded on whether to start their career in private accounting or public accounting. Lecturers and university professors are of the opinion that public accounting is the best path to a successful accounting career. The advantage of following this route (public accounting) is there are hi gh salaries involved, more interesting and diverse work which gives an accountant the chance to get exposed to many other companies because his or her work is not limited to a particular company. For example, a public accountant performs three to four audits in different companies in one year, while the private accountant is usually stuck monitoring ledges for a year in one company (Vault Editors 91). Differences between the two types of accounting arise from the differences that exist in payments and accountants training, experience, working environment, social skills, and certification. 2.1 Payments Public accountants are paid directly for providing their services to businesses or individuals. According to Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, â€Å"a public accountant works on a fee basis for clients and may be self-employed or be the employee f an accounting firm† (446). In other words, the payment is made to the accountant himself and not via a company (Vault Editors 90). Private ac countants on the other hand are not paid directly as it happens in public accounting. Payments are made via the company a private accountant is attached to. Direct payment is not possible in this type of accounting (â€Å"What is the difference,† accountingtools.com). 2.2 Training A public accountant is trained on how to evaluate of accounting systems, gather evidence and make assessments to find out whether statements are correct (â€Å"

Healthcare Organization Essay Example for Free

Healthcare Organization Essay Healthcare organizations are now stepping up their strategies in improving their programs and systems. Business and marketing are collaborated to boost resources which are expected to serve as a benefit to their clients. Considering the fact that HCOs consist of social factors and societal influences, it is vital for healthcare practitioners and most importantly the management to build a stronger foundation and forecast plan for their courses of action. The advent of technology and the tight competition in the market may apparently positively of negatively impact HCOs. Hence, given the appropriate concepts and strategies armed with proper implementation of designed concepts, any HCO is most likely to survive (Longman, 2005). Simple concepts and theories of marketing and organizational behavior will help HCOs in circumstances like risk management, conflicts, human resources and other forms of the like. Analysis Communication is one of the most important fields in any organization. Given the fact that an organization is composed of individuals with varied characteristics and personalities, it is vital for these beings to have a common channel that will serve as a bridge in closing deals and team participations. Technology is perhaps the focal element in creating a robust and efficient means for communication (Mascarenhas, 1995). HCO may take advantage of this communication-related improvement by acquiring the most updated and most effective tools in running the organization. The most recent sparks of idea which proved to be of great help to healthcare practitioners are e-Prescription and e-Documentation. It paved a way for HCO to make their services become more available not only to clients within their vicinity but globally. Through the help of the internet, they are able to endorse their products and their services with just a click away. E-Documentation has helped every HCO evidently because it helped in the documentation of patient records and made these files available in a secure database which enabled patients to track their health-related records hassle-free. These developments in communication have even made HCOs all over the world collaborate and communicate efficiently and more rapidly. Earning them the all the time that they need to conduct business. As for the case of the Veterans Health Administration, the entity is fortunate enough to receive help from the state. Even though the benefits that the latter receives continue to be criticized, their organizational, planning and marketing strategy proves to be surfacing in high grounds. They see to it that their programs are not only available and accessible to a popular few but for those who are qualified for their services. Thus, they would need a little improvement with regard to how they generate resources for their facilities. Especially since they are dealing with a continuum of patients that will grow each year, they should employ updated amenities and hear the concerns of their clients. They should make their managerial actions transparent to the public and employ activities that will drive investors to donate for their cause. Conclusions and further remarks Having technology commence in a swift sense is an opportunity for healthcare organizations to make the most out of their capacities.  Citing the problem on VHA, they lack in communication efficiency which in essence should be improved so as to keep their clients’ trust on their ability in healthcare. Healthcare organizations even so need to integrate organizational strategies especially since they are deal with the society (Karlawish, Fox, Pearlman, 2002). Financial stability is also important which is why they should learn how to implement economy-inclined policies and strategies for their philanthropically tending organization.

Project Risk Management Process

Project Risk Management Process Introuction To Project Risk Management A recent investigation into the recent rise in failed projects, financial meltdown and the deadly environmental hazards occurring globally have proved that non-inclusion of risk management in the planning and entire stage of the project, poor and total neglect of project risk management practices and overlooking minor risks account for majority of them. While experts have stated that a proper and strong project risk management process can reduce project problems by as much as 75 90%, combining it with concrete project management plans, defining a proper scope, managing change and communication, a good project risk management helps in reducing and eliminating surprises and unexpected project risks. A good project risk management process can also help with resolving problems when they occur. To have a better understanding, ability to structure, implement and execute a good project risk management practice; we need to understand the processes involved in â€Å"PROJECT RISK MANAGEMENT† properly. What Is Project Risk Management? Project risk management according to the project management body of knowledge book, chapter 11, Pg. 111, it is a term that encompasses and involves all processes concerned with identification, analyzing and response to project risk. It also consists of maximizing the results of likely positive events and minimization of the impacts of negative events. Also according to Vicki Wrona, a project management professional, before we begin a project risk management process, we must have a justified knowledge of major key definitions. Project risks according to the Project management institute perspective are â€Å"at their core, unknown events†. These events are often positive or negative. This makes â€Å"RISK†, neutral though most time is spent on tackling negative project risks (threats) rather than the positive (opportunities). Processes Involved In Project Risk Management A proper project risk management includes the following four processes: Risk identification Risk quantification Risk response development Risk response control These processes are often implemented with different names though they all arrive and achieve the same goal. Also they are often renamed and combined as stated below: Risk identification and quantification are often treated as a single process and the resultant process is called â€Å"risk analysis† or risk assessment. Risk response development is also often referred to as â€Å"† risk response planning and risk response development often referred to as â€Å"risk management†. Whether they are referred to individually or collectively, they usually maintain their requirements, tools and output. A proper analysis of these processes is stated below. Risk Identification involves the identification and determination of the possible risks that are more likely to affect the project and properly documenting the properties and effect of each one. This process is not a â€Å"once in a project† affair. It is meant to be carried out regularly as long as the project is being carried out. It should also include both internal (activities that can be controlled or influenced by the project team such as cost estimation) and external (risks beyond the project teams control such as business laws or government action) risk. Risk identification could be achieved by either identifying â€Å"causes and effects† (events likely to occur and what will be the result) or â€Å"effects and causes† (outcomes to be avoided or appreciated and method of occurrence). Risk Quantification This step involves evaluation of the risks identified in the first step and risk interactions to assess the range of possible project outcomes. Its primary aim is to determine which risks need response. It is complicated and affected by a number of factors but is not limited to them. They include: Threats and opportunities can interact in unforeseen ways such as regular delays could cause consideration of a new strategy thereby reducing total project duration. A single risk could trigger multiple effects such as: a late delivery of a vital part of the project could result in penalty (fines and payments), over run cost, delay in schedule and often a poor quality product. Reduced cost may favor a stakeholder at the expense of the other. (opportunity for one, loss for the other). Mathematical principles used may create a false impression and negatively affect reliability and precision. Risk Response Development This step in the project risk management activities involves clearly defining enhanced steps to utilize opportunities and respond to threats. Threat response usually fall into one of three categories:- Avoidance which has to do with eliminating a threat by eliminating the cause. All risks cannot be eliminated but certain ones can often be eliminated. Mitigation which deals with reducing the expected cost of a risk event by reducing the occurrence probability, buying insurance and using proven technology. Acceptance which deals with acknowledging the occurrence of a risk and developing a plan to tackle the risk in cases when it occurs. Risk Response Control This step involves execution of the developed risk management plan in response to the risk events during the course of the project. Whenever there are changes made to the project, the first three risk management processes (identification, quantification and response) are repeated. It is a good practice to bear in mind that even the most comprehensive and thoughtfully structured analysis cannot point out all risks and likelihood of occurrence correctly. This makes the project risk management processes an activity to be repeated often. After a clear definition of all the activities project risk management entails, it is best to have a â€Å"step-by-step† approach for proper execution of all involved activities as a (PROJECT RISK MANAGEMENT). Project Risk Management Process Vicky Wrona again outlined a possible â€Å"7 step† outline as a project risk management process. They are: Step 1: this step states that everyone involved in the project planning process should list at least 10 possible risk items. This also helps tackle assumption because some risks that are believed to be known are often neglected and they end up occurring. Scope creep is a perfect example because even with a perfect management process, it could still arise and cause problems. It is best to tackle it rather than ignore it. Step 2:- involves collection of all the listed risks and compiling them into a single list (master list) with duplicates removed. Step 3: assessment of the probability and impact of the risks outlined in the master list is the third step. This can be achieved by giving each risk a rating (numerically) or otherwise in order of vulnerability (low, medium, high). Detectability is also important because risks that are not detected or hard to detect e.g. scope creep are even more risky. Step 4: involves dividing the planning team into smaller groups and dividing the master list into portions and giving it to them. They are then to find out the warning signs for the risks. These warning signs (triggers) should be documented and none should be overlooked. Step 5: involves the small groups that identified the risks to also structure out preventive measures. Step 6: here, the small groups created from the planning team develop a â€Å"contingency plan† for majority of the risks. This plan should include response to be taken if a risk occurs. This is usually done for risks with high vulnerability so as to give room for proper management of the risk management process because if the risk management process takes a lot of time and couldnt be executed, then it is a futile effort. Step 7: this is the final step in the risk management planning process. It involves giving each risk â€Å"an owner†. This owner is usually responsible for tackling the risk should it occur and utilizing the approved contingency plan. Though other members are advised to also be vigilant for all risks. At the end of the above steps, a risk register is created. It is advisable to have this register in tabular format so that it could carry enough information on one page. Golden Rules For A Successful Project Risk Management. According to Bart Jutte, managing director of Concilio, a consultancy specialized in project risk management; these 10 steps usually result in proper project risk management implementation. They include: Make risk management part of your project. Identify risks early in your project. Communicate about risks. Consider both threats and opportunities. Clarify ownership issues. Prioritize risks. Analyze risks. Plan and implement risk response. Register project risks. Track risks and associated tasks. Benefits Of Project Risk Management It contributes to the overall success of the project because it points out threats and opportunities which are either eliminated or utilized. It results in better business outcomes through more informed decision making activities achieved from corrections made after the risk management activities. Uncertainties are recognized and a forecast of possible occurrences is provided. Gives room for better control, tackles time wasting and has greater focus on benefits. It influences innovation and positive thinking. Effects Of Negligence And Poor Project Risk Management (Using Real Life Scenarios) Catastrophic Example  · The â€Å"hurricane Katrina† is an example of negligence of project risk management by the government. During the construction and development of the country, the then government didnt focus on the risks this project (development) would cause. Even after this, the current government ignored weather reports and warnings of failing levies and the damage that floods could bring. This led to the death of 1300 people and loss of over 250,000 homes with property worth billions being destroyed. If project risk management had been implemented at the development period, the effect of weak levies and flood would have been identified and tackled and this would have prevented this risk (hurricane Katrina). Loss Of Market, Customers And Brand Trust  · Chrysler Corporation introduced the â€Å"PT CRUISER† in 2000, with hopes of delivery via dealer showroom in 2001. At the supposed â€Å"available date†, it wasnt available. Chrysler and its dealers encouraged its customers to deposit for â€Å"a guaranteed delivery†. Eager customers did this but only few cars were produced due to manufacturing constraints and poor production efforts and conditions. This resulted in a refund of all deposits to the prospective customers and a further loss of faith in Chrysler by its customers. They decided that instead of waiting for the PT Cruiser, they decide to patronize other vehicles from other manufacturers. If Chrysler had included project risk management in their project (PT Cruiser), the production and delivery constraints would have been discovered and tackled and the goals of the project (delivery of the PT cruiser by 2001) would have been met. Conclusion Project risk management as simple as it may seem and less regarded by many is a key component for a better project plan, time management, cost estimation and project scheduling. An effective project execution is also achieved through inclusion of risk management at all stages of the project starting from the planning, to implementation and finally execution. Finally if project risk management is properly understood and a stepped approach included in this book is followed with application and adherence to the 10 golden rules for a successful project risk management, there is possibility or a very successful project because the risk management points out and gives you room to tackle, correct and utilize problems that could have risen at the execution / completion of the project. References 10 Golden rules of project risk management. Bart Jute Founder and consultant at Concilio. http://www.projectsmart.co.uk/10-golden-rules-of-project-risk-management.html Your risk management process: A practical and effective approach Vicki Wrona Project Management Professional (PMP) President of Forward Momentum, LLC, instructor with Westlake Training and development. http://www.projectsmart.co.uk/your-risk-management-process-a-practical-and-effective-approach.html Project management Risk Management CJ Williams Tutor Mgt. Consultant Brighton School of Business Mgt. in the UK. http://www.projectsmart.co.uk/project-management-risk-management.html A Guide to the Project Mgt. Body Of Knowledge (PMBOK) PMI Standards Committee William R. Duncan Director Of Standards. Risk Analysis Risk Management Evaluating and Managing the Risks You Face Mind tools website http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_07.htm Basics of Managing Risks Neville Turbit IT consultant / Principal of Project Perfect. http://www.projectperfect.com.au/downloads/Info/info_risk_mgmt.pdf Bibliography Project Risk Management chapters 1, 3, 8, 9, 10 By Bruce T. Barkley Copyright 2004 Project risk management: a proactive approach Chapters 1, 3, 5 By Paul S. Royer Copyright -2001 Practical Project Risk Management: The Atom Methodology Chapter 1, 2, 3 6 David Hillson Peter Simon Copyright-2007

BIC Cello Pens Company Analysis

BIC Cello Pens Company Analysis CELLO WRITING INTRUMENT CONT. PVT. LTD A Quote by me For th All Mighty PEN: â€Å"This pen will seem to be a very simple one but it is for all those who signature with pride and dignity the one who kisses it saying good luck before writing an examination all for who write for a good cause (writers) in short this pen is all for ordinary people with extra ordinary soul and not only this but one who buy this pen will contribute to child relief fund. so you make your future better with this pen† I have chosen CELLO WRITING INTRUMENT CONT. PVT. LTD. because this is the only company in India which is catering to all the demands of Indian population, segmented in different categories. And also has 80% market share in the Writing Instrument industry. Now the first question is: Ques1. Which segments are being targeted and strategies used to influence the target segment. Ans. Cello has Indias largest range of smart looking, high-performance gel ink and ballpoint pens in different ink colours and at a variety of price points. Be it a school kid , a college student , a young professional or a senior executive, there is a Cello for every one. 1. School kids: Cello knows what are the demands and needs of a school going kid. The kids want a pen which looks good and smooth in writing as they have just opened up their account of pen after pencils. So this segment is basically the include kids and early teenagers who like CELLO ALPHA GEL For this they have contracted with distributors of school accessories to provide this gel pen in their shops. Its features which are given in the company profile are: Feather-Flo System: Ensures a feather like flow to your writing. Japanese Pigment Ink: Special ink imported from Japan. Water Resistant Ink: Special ink that doesnt smudge. At that time ADD Gel was the major competitor for Cello Alpha Gel but the companys promotional; strategy was to promote their pen in a way of â€Å"COST N STYLE† ie. this pen is less costly as compared to Add gel which was the major threat to the company. And the company has contracted with distributors which then ask the students to use this pen for free in order to have an exact feel to the user that this pen is also good. And for doing this the company has bear the cost of Rs.4,15,367. But this turned to be a great success, now everybody knows about Cello Alpha gel pen. So, this was their strategy in order to attract the target market, and the distributors also contracted with schools to provide this pen as prize to their students. And for this the company gave incentives to their distributors. So these were the kind of tasks which had been done by the company in order to fertilize the sale of their product which would not been accepted by proposed customers if they did not do that at proper time. CELLO GRIPPER also cater the market of kids because the cost of this pen is very low as compared to other ball pens and as its name suggests that its â€Å"GRIP† is its Uniqueness and this is a very good pen for the age group who has just started their account of using ball pen. So this pen provides help to this segment in using pen which was as simple for them because earlier they were using pencil or their usage was limited to gel pens only. And its cost is around Rs.8 which is quite affordable to this segment because this segment is not having much disposable income with them to spend. 2. COLLEGE STUDENTS: FEATURES given in the company profile: Cello Finegrip owns the very special Swiss Soft Tip that allows the pen to write soft and smooth. This elegant fine writer has the special German Fluid ink and the following features: Elasto Grip: Gives a good and comfortable grip while writing. Elegant, Slim and scratch-proof body. Click lock. Unbreakable lock. Writing length over 2000 mts. Now the company knew that this segment like to be stylish and cool thats why they have designed this kind of pen for this segment only. As its features gives us a glance of how the companies are looking at the minute things in order to make their product acceptable by the target market. Pinpoint has been introduced by cello company to target youth who like to have a free flow writing, and look smart and its price is reasonable. Preferred by most of the college going student due to its cost, flow of writing and looks. And the company also promotes this pen by the advertisement by Cricketer M.S. Dhoni and this advertisement was rated the best on-air advertisement in July, the Cello Pin Point pen ad had some help from cricketer M.S. Dhoni. The ad scored 73 on the ad reach index, with a brand recall of 93%. This survey was done by Mint Ad survey report for August Cello Pin Point Cricketer M.S. Dhoni is travelling in the team bus. Suddenly, he finds a boy dangling upside down outside his window, asking for his autograph. The boy is suspended from a bridge with a rope held by his friends. The boys pen doesnt work, so Dhoni uses his Cello Pin Point to sign. He advises the boy to use a Cello pen the next time. 3. WORKING PROFESSIONAL AND EXECUTIVE CLASS: The stylish Cello Powermaxx that has become the working professionals most preferred to the Cello Sapphire, Papersoft and Executive pens with a certain understand luxury that have become a common sight on the desks of senior executives. Theres also Cellos new range of Highlighters and markers that have carved out an enviable name for themselves in a very short time. And in order to attract this segment Cello has other strategies to do this. They have promoted this category pens by giving on internet, because this company thinks that this segment is the one which use internet extensively. In the Readers Digest (2007) it has been announced as the most trusted brand in the entire ASIA. Ques.2. Different promotional tools used and the strategy behind using these tools. Ans. Cello do PERSONAL SELLING- By personal selling by the representative of the company takes place face to face by final customer. And the cello does this when it has to promote its products with its business partner. And the strategy behind doing this is that if one has to influence the business corporate then one has to go personally and give their quotes and has to tell them that how their product would better suit them as compared to other available options. Thats the company has opted this promotion medium also. Basically what cello do, it does MASS SELLING to inform bulk of persons by advertisement. And the medium of advertisement is: By Radio advertisement: In Radio Mirchi, Big FM, 91 FM. Now the company has used this promotion tool in order to influence the mass, an the mass here the company is considering the school going segment and the college going student or we can say the youth. And this medium of promoting a product is best for attracting them towards their product because this is the segment which listens to radio the most. And this is from my view point would be the best medium in order to influence this segment. By TV Advertisements: 8 commercial TV ads are there which the company has made in order to influence the mass. And the Cello pin point advertisement has been ranked 1st by the Mint Ad survey http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbEHaf0naZY there are other writing instrument companies which promotes their pen through TV commercial but the edge which the Cello gets over the other is that it knows what the exact demand of the customers. This company knows that how to promote their product which would lead to a purchase by the customers. Now going through another ad http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJFHyV6RtO0 which gives the viewer an insight that how the exact need of them has been catered by the company, by providing the CELLO MAC GEL PEN which let one to write without the fear of drain out by the water and all that kind of stuff. So, here cello knows the need of the customers but if it didnt communicated this feature of their pen through any communication medium then how would be happen to inform the proposed customer about this new invention, which the proposed customer was starving to have. By Internet Advertisements: the company has targeted the working professional class by giving their advertisement on internet, which is commonly used by the high class people. The company think that this medium of communication would best suit them because this is the segment which spend most of its time surfing on internet. Ques.3 .Which strategy out of Pull or Push is used and why? Ans. CELLO has used both the strategy in order to promote its products: PUSH STRATEGY: If the seller makes his promotion by television or radio, its not possible for the buyer to interact with. The company is promoting its products through showing or giving its ad on TV and Radio, which means that the company is using PUSH STRATEGY. PULL STRATEGY: If the communication is made by phone or internet, the buyer has possibilities to interact with the seller. Now as I have given earlier that the company has used the internet ads in order to influence the business customers and the company is also using telecommunication medium in order to get the deals fixed regarding the quotes and other selling reasons. So, the CELLO is using both the strategies in order to have the maximum benefit which is must for every company. This company knows the demand of the time and change and upgrades its strategies accordingly; I think this is the best part of this company which leads it to have a share to 80% in the entire writing instrument market in INDIA. Ques.4. Critically Appraise the Promotional strategy of your selected brand. Ans. This company is the best till now, what I have read about it. But there are some loop holes which if which company pays attention then itll become even the more successful. B2B market: the important segment of every player in the market like: Parker is entertaining the Business Corporate like: Samsung Aventis Star NIIT American Express, Usha Titan, Wipro Birla Plus Dabur Nivea India Today Mc Dowel And Parker has used a strategy to cater this segment which providing separate brand for B2B LEXIs B2B partners are: PfizerLtd. Ranbaxy Ltd. Times of India Hindustan Lever Ltd. Tata Infotect Ltd. Procter Gamble This company also caters to the specific needs of their corporate partners LINC B2B partner are Airtel DHL Blue Dart Microsoft Music World Anderson Presto Aqua Java Reynolds promotes its products by providing: Student scholarship programs in schools Vending machines at schools and nearby places These are the features which are available or we can say that which are catered by the other companies and the area of improvement for my company which CELLO. So, even though my company is having the major market share in share in the writing Instrument industry but if it has to be successful in future and remain or even grow more it has to focus on these areas also It is using various technologies but the common man is not knowing about it, could be due to information gap ie. the company is not giving the proper information to him/her. This is another area where the company has to concentrate on. The technologies which the company is using are: InoxTip: Fibre tip technology that helps in smooth writing. LPHV: Low Pressure High Volume Technology that helps to reduce pressure on the paper. Elasto Grip: Elastic rubber grip to provide have perfect grip on the pen. Lubriflox: Used in the ball pen for free appropriate flow of ink. Lubri Gel: Used in gel pen for free appropriate flow of gel ink Feather Flow: used to reduce the weight of pens for the faster writing. These are different features which are not all highlighted in the advertisement, but can attract a larger chunk of proposed customer if the company focuses to highlight these features in their promotions strategy. The company should also focus on promoting its products by coming up with new range of gift pen which would further segment into two categories: Gifts pen for informal occasions which would be catering to the needs of youth, which would be trendy, stylish and last but not the least would be different from the regular pens. Gift pen for formal occasions which would be catering the needs of business corporate and this range should flexible enough to be customized according to needs of the proposed buyers. CELLO should also focus on print advertisement in business magazines; its a promotion media which is not properly used by this company. So, CELLO should also focus on these magazines, because these are mainly used by the working professionals and executives.

Measuring the Macroeconomic Impact of Monetary Policy Essay -- Economi

Monetary policy is the method by which the government, central bank, or monetary authority controls the supply of money, or trading foreign exchange markets. This policy is usually called either an expansionary policy, or a contractionary policy. An expansionary policy multiplies the total supply of money in the economy, and a contractionary policy diminishes the total supply. Expansionary policy is used to tackle unemployment in an economic decline by lowering interest rates, while contractionary policy has the goal of elevating interest rates to fight inflation. Monetary policy reposes on the relationship between the rates of interest in an economy and the total dispense of money. Monetary policy uses a diversity of tools to dominate exchange rates with other currencies and unemployment. This is done in order to influence outcomes like economic growth and inflation. A policy is called contractionary if it diminishes the size of the money supply or increases the interest rate. An expansionary policy raises the size of the money supply, or lowers the interest rate. Monetary policies are accommodative if the interest rate is intended to stimulate economic growth, neutral if it is intended to neither encourage growth nor fight inflation, or tight if its aim is to reduce inflation. There are several monetary policy tools available to achieve these results. The Fed has three of these tools. Open market operations, reserve requirements and discount window lending. Open market operations are the most important tool of monetary policy used by the Fed. These operations involve the Fed buying and selling prior issued U.S. government securities. Reserve requirements are the percentages of precise kinds of deposits that banks mus... ...sitive as well as a negative effect on everyday people. This can be manifested primarily through a shift in employment status. The government, however, has many tools in order to help the situation. These tools at time can improve or even deteriorate the dilemma. They are made to bring the economy out of crisis. But there is no doubt that monetary policy has a tremendous effect on macroeconomic factors as GDF, unemployment, inflation, and interest rates. References Anonymous (2013). Money what it is how it works. Retrieved February 18, 2014, from http://wfhummel.cnchost.com/monetarypolicy.html McConnell, C.R. & Bruce, S.L. (2012). Economics: Principles, problems and policies. (18th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. North, Gary (2012). Interest Rates and Monetary Policy. Retrieved February 18, 2014, from http://www.lewrockwell.com/north/north492.html Measuring the Macroeconomic Impact of Monetary Policy Essay -- Economi Monetary policy is the method by which the government, central bank, or monetary authority controls the supply of money, or trading foreign exchange markets. This policy is usually called either an expansionary policy, or a contractionary policy. An expansionary policy multiplies the total supply of money in the economy, and a contractionary policy diminishes the total supply. Expansionary policy is used to tackle unemployment in an economic decline by lowering interest rates, while contractionary policy has the goal of elevating interest rates to fight inflation. Monetary policy reposes on the relationship between the rates of interest in an economy and the total dispense of money. Monetary policy uses a diversity of tools to dominate exchange rates with other currencies and unemployment. This is done in order to influence outcomes like economic growth and inflation. A policy is called contractionary if it diminishes the size of the money supply or increases the interest rate. An expansionary policy raises the size of the money supply, or lowers the interest rate. Monetary policies are accommodative if the interest rate is intended to stimulate economic growth, neutral if it is intended to neither encourage growth nor fight inflation, or tight if its aim is to reduce inflation. There are several monetary policy tools available to achieve these results. The Fed has three of these tools. Open market operations, reserve requirements and discount window lending. Open market operations are the most important tool of monetary policy used by the Fed. These operations involve the Fed buying and selling prior issued U.S. government securities. Reserve requirements are the percentages of precise kinds of deposits that banks mus... ...sitive as well as a negative effect on everyday people. This can be manifested primarily through a shift in employment status. The government, however, has many tools in order to help the situation. These tools at time can improve or even deteriorate the dilemma. They are made to bring the economy out of crisis. But there is no doubt that monetary policy has a tremendous effect on macroeconomic factors as GDF, unemployment, inflation, and interest rates. References Anonymous (2013). Money what it is how it works. Retrieved February 18, 2014, from http://wfhummel.cnchost.com/monetarypolicy.html McConnell, C.R. & Bruce, S.L. (2012). Economics: Principles, problems and policies. (18th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. North, Gary (2012). Interest Rates and Monetary Policy. Retrieved February 18, 2014, from http://www.lewrockwell.com/north/north492.html

Dr. Seuss: The Great American Childrens Poet Essay -- essays research

Dr. Seuss: The Great American Children's Poet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dr. Seuss is the pseudonym for Theodor Seuss Geisel III, Ted Geisel to his friends. He originally thought of his pen name being pronounced zo-oice which is the German pronunciation. He took his middle name from his mother's maiden name.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He was born in 1904 to Theodor Jr. and Henrietta Geisel of Springfiel Massachusetts. Both sets of grandparents were from Germany. Theodor Jr. was a wealthy brewer and tavern owner until the Prohibition. Then he worked as the manager of the Springfield Zoo. Ted also had an older sister named Marnie. He went to college at Dartmouth and graduate school at Oxford. While at Dartmouth he got into a bit of trouble when the police arrested him for drinking. (This was during the Prohibition.) As punishment he was kicked off the school magazine, The Jack O'Lantern, to which he contributed as a cartoonist. To get around the rule he began to sign his work as Dr. Seuss. And that is why Ted Geisel became Dr. Seuss. While at Oxford he met his first wife Helen Palmer to whom he was married for 40 years until her death. They moved to New York. While in New York he worked drawing cartoon advertisments for Flit, an insect repellant. It was he who coined the phrase â€Å"Quick Henry, the Flit† which was to 1930s advertising what â€Å"Just Do It† is to 1990s advertising. Sort of.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They later moved to La Jolla, California where Ted live...

Wawa Research Paper

The top of the hierarchy was still under development but included sales/production, forecasting and replenishment system. In the middle was an under development strategic sourcing program. At the bottom was the operational master data set: articles files for warehousing, ordering, pricing and scanning up to 45000 SSW. This technology was used to keep records of inventory, orders being processed for suppliers and keep records of the past months orders, which could be used as information to make many Important decisions.An important part of the new IT architecture was the Introduction of Dif (Demand Influencing factors). This system would forecast the changes (holidays, promotions and weather) and factor these changes Into the recommended order that It generates for the stores. Way also started selling gas as convenience stores when it comes to gasoline procurement. In the past they had seven or eight carriers that monitored the gas supply in their assigned stores through technology an d they communicated once a day and these carriers did everything for Way.The technology strategy required Way to unite WBI, NCSC and the Fresh Channel integrated under one banner to create a competitive advantage and be cost- effective. The IT strategy was effective for Way. The Dif that would automatically take demand influencing factors into account and forecast and replenish the system. This system saved a lot of time, energy, and effort for the store managers as rather than having to remember the fact that something is on promotion next week or that the demand has changed due weather/holidays this system takes all the factors into consideration and generates a recommended order.This gives the store manager more time to focus on many different things. In my belief their gas supply strategy was very effective. Way had an advantage when it came to gas distribution as they never owned a gasoline truck and never hired a gasoline driver or invested money in logistics. They were virtua l when it came to gas distribution. The store managers never had to worry that the fuel would run out; they Just had to focus on selling it. I think this system increased Haw's profit margins for selling fuel, as they did not have a lot of capital investment.Their strategies in technology helped the firm become more customer focused, which was their mission to simplify daily lives of people. Way technology strategies helped in reducing a lot of workload for the workers in the store so they could concentrate on customers. Way was in the process of developing a new systematic supply chain as their egoistic had reached capacity and their vendors had been inconsistent in supplying the stores. Way wanted to own the software but not the hardware. They wanted a consolidated facility, owned and operated by a third party.If they wanted to build their own distribution centre, it would have cost them at least the equivalent of 10 to 11 new stores. Way choose Mclean Company of Texas, as they we re by far there largest convenience store distributor in the country. They were in a strategic â€Å"100 – 100 partnership†. NCSC was a 220,000 square-feet building and had 5 different imperative zones. The NCSC used to dispatch trucks between 1 am and 4:mama and every store had consistent deliveries with a 2-hour EAT. This allowed the management to plan for enough labor so they could shelf the products upon arrival.In the convenience story industry many of Haw's competitors did not realize that delivery timings were affecting their customers. It has happened to me a number of times when I go to a 7-11 and if they are getting a delivery their parking lot will be full and the store will be over crowded and understaffed as most the workers are emphasizing on shelving he items instead of paying attention to customers. NCSC handled 1800 SKU and it turned over products in ten days. Although Way owned the inventory, Mclean use to do everything for Way.They used to give order s to the vendors, manage inventory and inform Way how much they owe to the vendors. NCSC was able to such that all the Way stores could be reached in a day. Way did not want to waste capital on building their own facility as their competitors suffered by doing so. NCSC had only 6 Way employees and their Job was to maintain relations between Haw's marketing department and Mclean merchandising department. This also is a very important lesson for their competitors, as they also should maintain good relations with their distributors because one party cannot succeed at the expense of others.Bluebells stated that the relationship is like a marriage. Most employees of Way and Mclean consider this a strategic partnership and their partnership was a testimony for other players in the industry. NCSC was impressive in the technological aspect also. It promised to be an impressive array of third party logistics, cross docking, virtual management and mutual adjustment within and amongst organiza tions. Operations in NCSC and Fuel supply were meticulously choreographed, tightly coupled and highly efficient..Outsourcing this process, like the NCSC and Fuel channel, to experienced companies would allow Way to develop an efficient distribution network at a significantly less cost, and concentrate the majority of their resources on the customers. Haw's SCM going forward was quite impressive as well. They were going to implement the fresh channel. Fresh channel would be a central kitchen where food items could be prepared which were previously made in stores. This was done in order to maintain uniformity and increase the flexibility. Way has one of the most impressive and effective distribution channels in the industry.Going forward I think the company should continue its traditions of giving the customer more importance. Way should find another company like Mclean or offer Mclean a contract for another location so they could expand on their stores and be NCSC was expected to las t until 2012 but it is already full at the moment, which gives the organization very little room for growth. The Fuel Channel is one of Haw's best supply channel so I think they could add more gas stations to their stores as I have seen many Haw's thou gas stations.This would help the company expand their market and geographical radius. I think Way should also have websites or mobile phone applications, which tell the customers about the number of people in the store or the approximate waiting time. They should also let customers order their food from their kitchen freshly made in the store online. I consider Way to be green to an extent as they have reduced their number of truck deliveries and Fuel channels do not even use one truck. Way is virtual in gas distribution. Way could start using recycled labels on their private products.

Group Dynamics and Leadership Essay

Abstractwhy are some ag chemical conferences triumphful and differents disappointed? What criteria or pass judgments are driveed for conquest? Contemporary teaching and schooling utilise over the past few geezerhood in higher education institutions has seen a proliferation of open- ceaseed constructivist pecking traffic patterns that incorporate collaboration. This has enkindled the indigence for identifying meaty attributes get hold ofed for self-make aggroup knead. This flying field re expectations the books with a view of identifying a framework that educators can use to uphold recruit telling groupwork in their classes. A case study is used to enquire devil squads of final year mul clippingdia scholarly persons completing a endure- found unit of measurement, in which groupwork was an essential ingredient and immersed in an au indeedtic context. Attributes gleaned from the belles-lettres for winning aggroupwork was used to liken the both divers e aggroups. Keywords aggroup upwork, higher education, authentic milieuIntroductionWith the shift from a predominately instructivist to constructivist training the need for tertiary educators to use a variety of teaching strategies and methods is becoming much and more important. Learning designs need to incorporate student-centred police squad based e advanceding pedagogy much(prenominal) as switch-based, case-based, inquiry-based and enigma-based scenarios (Oliver, 2001). Students need to be immersed in learning environss that bear on real learning in real contexts. aggroups and aggroupwork sustain to promote deep learning that occurs through with(predicate) interaction, problem solving, chat, cooperation and collaboration (Johnson & Johnson, 1995).These learning designs promote the look of knowledge as they are imbed in a social fellowship with a squad environment (Vygotsky, 1978). potent aggroup up upwork can affect the favored rake and implementatio n of these learning designs. Tertiary educators can non drive students will the knowledge, conceiveing and dexteritys unavoidable to ca-ca and contribute to a synergistic police squad environment.Through a review of the literature, this study identifies a pasture of attributes considered necessary for lucky squad upwork. These are then used to compare twain contrasting groups with a view of confirming their validity through a case study.Research has back upd a trope of attributes indispensable for made squadwork. Many of these attributes sire been consistently identified in the literature. confuse 1 provides a compend of literature on the self-made attributes infallible for sound groupwork as follows lading to squad success and divided goals squad elements are connected to the success of the group and their shared goals for the project. prospered groups are motivate, engaged and contain to action at the highest level interdependence team ins talments need to create an environment where together they can contribute far more than as individuals. A verifying interdependent team environment brings out the outdo in each person enabling the team to achieve their goals at a far superior level (Johnson & Johnson, 1995, 1999). Individuals promote and encourage their fellow team members to achieve, contribute, and learn Inter ain Skills includes the ability to argue issues openly with team members, be h 1st, trustworthy, supportive and orient respect and commitment to the team and to its individuals. bringing up a caring work environment is important including the ability to work efficaciously with opposite team members Open conversation and corroborative feedback actively listening to the concerns and take of team members and valuing their contribution and expressing this inspection and repairs to create an resultantive work environment. Team members should be volition to give and sustain constructive check and provide authentic feedback Appropriate team firearm is essential in the origination of a successful team. Team members need to be fully aware of their particularized team role and understand what is expect of them in terms of their contribution to the team and the project and cargo to team offshootes, leadership & accountability team members need to be accountable for their contribution to the team and the project. They need to be aware of team processes, high hat make and new ideas. Effective leadership is essential for team success including shared decision-making and problem solving.Case Study utmost year students enrolled in the Interactive multimedia system course at Edith Cowan University are indispensable to develop skills and expertise in managing the design and culture of knob meshwork sites. The unit IMM 3228/4228 Project guidance Methodologies, uses teams offour or five students to utilise their specialist skills to trifle a real need for an effor t client. Team roles include programmers, graphic designers and project tutors. There were 82 students (20 teams) completing this unit. The aim was to have students experience project counsel issues that occur when dealing with real clients in real projects and was heavily concentered on teamwork and problem solving. The environment was based on the learning principles of authenticity, self-regulation and reflection (Luca & Oliver, 2001).Features included student contracts, journals (for self/peer sagacity & reflection), throng Centre for problem solving, bulletin boards, time caution tools, syllabus and assessment materials, cod notes, legal/QA templates, relevant URLs, web sites and assignments developed by previous students and a student details database. Within this setting, two teams were selected for investigation. One team was highly successful in developing a timber product, and collaborated in a highly successful manner. Another team, experienced pixilated team pro blems, which caused it to become dysfunctional and had to be split. info was collected on both of these teams from focus groups sessions, interviews and questionnaires that were recorded and transcribed for analysis. A summary of the results is discussed below with reference to unwrap attributes undeniable for successful teamwork as outlined in participants understand their purpose and share their goals the combine achieves mission (Francis & Young, 1979) members must share a grueling common goal (Kets De Vries, 1999) groups provide each member of the team with prestigiousness and recognition (Scarnati, 2001) successful teams are move to succeed (Bradley & Frederic, 1997) there is strong team commitment to succeed (Critchley & Casey, 1986) members have strong shared values and beliefs (Kets De Vries, 1999) engaged in and satisfied with their work (Wageman, 1997)creation of a team atmosphere that is informal, relaxed, comfortable and non-judgemental (Harris & Harris, 1996) pr omote group cohesiveness (Bradley & Frederic, 1997) people screw regular interaction with individuals who have analogous interests and goals (Scarnati, 2001).Interdependence one cannot succeed unless the other members of the group succeed (Smith, 1996) together the group can deliver more than the individuals who agree it could do in isolation (Francis & Young, 1979) team members must work together in effect to produce successful systems (Bradley & Frederic, 1997) team members interact to help each other contact the task and promote one some others success (Smith, 1996) team members bring in on the capabilities of their fellows the combinations energised through synergy (Francis & Young, 1979) team members must take an interest in both the group and each individuals execution (Harris & Harris, 1996) team members must never be fully self-directed or only independent (Johnson, Heimann, & ONeill, 2000) teams are much empowered to accomplish tasks not forthcoming to individu als (Scarnati, 2001) Individuals experience a wide range of new ideas and skills when interacting with team members (Scarnati, 2001) team members learn together so that they can by and by perform better as individuals (Smith, 1996) made TeamThis team of students was highly successful in developing a gauge product, as well as macrocosm highly collaborative. Their journal entries continuall(a)y reflected positivist comments close other team members, and at no stage during the semester was there a request or requirement to canalise marks from one team member to another. Team meetings were always friendly, and at no stage were team issues discussed as universe problematic. The team always focused on the project and how the process of development could be improved byexploring expectations of the tutor, client and end users. An analysis of the data collected from this team indicated that they showed the attributes needed for successful teamwork. In just about all of their respons es in interviews, focus group meetings and questionnaires it was perspicuous that this team was committed to commission to team success and shared goals the team was highly focused on delivering a tonus product, and not pre-occupied by personal issues that might have interrupted this objective. They facilitated and nurtured positive, cooperative-working relationships based upon the focus of developing a quality final product that would impress their client tutor, peers and end users. The whole team was strongly motivated to out-perform other teams and shared a strong common goal of absent to develop a product that would support their chances of gaining employment at the end of the course. This was homely in almost all of their responsesInterdependence the team members felt that they had a duty towards the other members of the team and that the success of the project was based upon each team members contribution. Team members were always joyful to help peers when they were ex periencing exhaustingies. The team would proactively brainstorm problems individuals team members were having and offer assistance if needed social skills the team recognised that team members had different personalities and experienced problems at different stages. They showed condition for each other, prize and supported others in difficult times.Open communication and positive feedback the team recognised that it was a anicteric thing to discuss problems or difficult issues and undertake to offer constructive help/ reflection in trying to scatter these. They strongly valued open dialogue that enabled team members to express their concerns in a non-defensive manner. They were open and truthful about all aspects of the projectAppropriate team composition this team was proactive in selecting their team members well in advance for this unit. They had carefully considered the skills needed for each team member, and similarly the type of personality for each team member. The se were carefully discussed and considered by two team members four months in the lead the unit commenced Commitment to team processes, leadership & accountability team members were all aware of the importance of e realones role within the team and the process used by the team to course of study and track the timing and quality of required tasks. The project manager was well respected by the team, and always consulted the team before making any major decisions. Also, the team had a number of quality sureness procedures which helped monitor activities as well as individual team members accountabilitiesUnsuccessful TeamAnother team of students experienced severe team problems, which caused it to become dysfunctional and had to be split. At the first peer assessment session, marks were transferred between team members, as it was perceived that some team members werent contributing. Even though agreement was made at this meeting that marks should be transferred, and suggestions were made about how to improve the situation, gall amongst team members escalated. This was cl wee evident from the comments organism made through the confidential on-line(a) journal entries each week. The tutor had several(prenominal) meetings with the project manager and individuals to help try to re work on issues, but to no avail.At one of the team meetings a overserious disagreement occurred, in which one of the team members verbally berated another, from which point there was no reconciliation. After this altercation, team members felt they could no longer work together, so stock-still though they would experience a heavier workload, they nemine contradicente agree to split and form two separate teams. An analysis of the responses given by the successful team indicated that this team had a strong awareness of the attributes needed for successful teamwork. Comparing responses from this team against the key attributes needed for successful teams sh accept in Table 1, it was evi dent that this team was not congruent with these criteriaCommitment to team success and shared goals one team member was highly motivated to achieve a high quality product, though two others were content with provided just gaining a pass i.e. they were riant to put in minimal effort. This couple of expectations caused many problems and frustration for team members early in the semester Interdependence two team members were highly competitive in this team that negated the development of a synergistic team environment. They were highly focused on our own tasks, and were not interested in serving others who may have been having problems. If others werent performing, then the attitude was that peer assessment should be applied, rather than trying to support and help the individual. This caused a lack of team cohesion and cooperation, a feeling of disempowerment, and resulting in the ultimate split of the teamInterpersonal skills the team showed little consideration for each othe r and gave almost no support for others in difficult times. Team members seemed unaware and very surprised that they had upset other team members by their comments. They seemed to have not notice they were hurting others feelings by their comments and the approaches taken to solve team problemsOpen communication and positive feedback comments made by team members indicated that peers were bluff of their situation and problems, and were not inclined to discuss problems, as they would only attract criticism and negative feedback. This resulted in team members not communicating freely or discussing their problems that had potentially damaging effect on the teamAppropriate team composition this team was formed haphazardly. Three of the original team members had a quick discussion in the class and decided to make a team, and another team member arrived a week later, so the team agreed to accept them in their team, as they needed to make a team of four. Expectations and skill were not carefully considered Commitment to team processes, leadership & accountability the project manager happened to be the youngest in the team, and didnt influence the respect needed.Team members often complained about team meetings being a untamed of time, and also of team members being late or contributing effectively. One team member felt that he was not included in decision-making and did not receive all communication regarding the progress and development of the project from the project manager. The overall management of this team was perceived to be toothless by most of the team members sum-up and ConclusionsThis study compared how well two teams performed by comparing attributes identified for successful teamwork, as shown in Table 1. From the results it is evident that these attributes vie an important role in find the success of these teams. The results show a obligate relationship between how the teams embraced these six attributes, and how successful the team was in co llaborating and developing a quality product.The results from this study indicate that these key attributes need to be carefully considered by both tutors and students when teamwork activities are proposed. Further query needs to be considered on how scoop out to implement these strategies in a methodological fashion to ensure tutors and students acknowledge and understand the importance of how to implement each attribute i.e. a template outlining implications for best practice when designing and implementing constructivist learning designs which incorporate teamwork activities.ReferencesBradley, J. H., & Frederic, J. H. (1997). The effect of personality type on team performance. ledger of Management Development, 16(5), p. 337-353.Critchley, B., & Case, D. (1986). Teambuilding At what outlay and at whose cost? In A.Mumford (Ed.) enchiridion of Management Development. Gower Publishing Company Limited, University recommend CambridgeFisher, S. G., Hunter, T. A., & Macrosson, W. D . K. (1997). Team or group? Managers perceptions of the differences. diary of Managerial Psychology, 12(4), 232-242. Flynn, G. (1997). How do you know if your work teams work? Workforce, 76 (5), May p. 7 Francis, D., & Young, D. (1979). Improving Work Groups. San Diego, California University Associates. Harris, P. R., & Harris, K. G. (1996). Managing effectively through teams. Team Performance Management An outside(a) Journal, 2(3), 23-36.Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1995). Social Interdependence concerted Learning in culture. In B. dugout canoe & J. Z. Rubin (Eds.), Conflict, Cooperation, and Justice (pp. 205-251). San Francisco JosseyBass Publishers. Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1999). Learning Together and simply concerted, competitive, and individualistic learning ( 5th ed.). Needham highschool Massachusetts Allyn and Bacon. Johnson, P. R., Heimann, V.L., & ONeill, K. (2000). The wolf rent team dynamics for the 21st century. Journal of Workplace Learning Empl oyee Counselling Today, 12(4), 159-164. Kets De Vries, M.F.R. (1999) superior teams Lessons from the Pygmies. Organisational Dynamics, Winter, p. 66-77.Luca, J., & Tarricone, P. (2001). Does emotional intelligence affect successful teamwork? Proceedings of the th18 one-year Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education at the ASCILITE, p. 367 376, Melbourne University of Melbourne. Luca, J., & Oliver, R. (2001). ontogeny Generic Skills through On-line Courses. Paper presented at the EdMedia 2001, Tampere, Finland. Oliver, R. (2001). Developing e-learning environments that support knowledge construction in higher education. Presented at the 2nd International We-B Conference, p. 407 416. Perth, Western Australia. Parker, G. M. (1990). Team Players and Teamwork. San Francisco, CA Jossey-Bass. Scarnati, J. T. (2001). On becoming a team player. Team Performance Management An International Journal, 7(1/2), 5-10.Smith, K. (1996). Cooperative Le arning make groupwork work. New Directions for training and Learning, 67, Fall, pp. 71-82.Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press. Wageman, R. (1997). faultfinding success factors for creating superb self-managing teams. Organsiational Dynamics, 26 (1), Summer, 49-62.

Reflective Portfolio

AbstractThis is a reflective es tell apart type devi trimers case at the authors passage hold offations and functional back make. Models of reflection atomic proceeds 18 usaged to watch the authors piss word and self scholarship in terms of life aspirations. Past run curtlying history, and the dapple with frolics in the air passage intentness, be discussed. A work of perfect characteristics for the authors sought after credit line is presented, and the aras in which the author is deficient atomic derive 18 mountain out. The tools and approaches which preempt be utilize to correct these characteristics and hence last more than resembling the ideal scene ar set out.1. IntroductionIn the following paper, I am freeing to intuitive whole steping at my stumble aspirations in the context of avail fitted passages in my elect manufacture the airline perseverance. I affectiness to work in a node run / instruction capacity at British Airwa ys, pulping upon my existing skill-set and experience. I exit discuss this subject in terms of approaches and insights I prolong self-contained from studying international tourism forethought and trigger off tourism instruction, as closely as what I collect learnt in this particular mental faculty on life history development. I ordain be tone critically at my experience and self- erudition in purchase order to lay the characteristics which I suck up that I whole step equip me for this mathematical function. I give likewise be identifying aras which collect to be further worked on. I will be combining intuitive musical com stake slightly my experiences and capacities with academic research, textbooks and theories. In reflecting on my experience, I select been influenced by a publication of models of learning through reflection, including Gibbs and Kolbs. two these models show a way to building learning. In Kolb the learner is encouraged to see at an expe rience and make observations hence form concepts and general theories, which are and indeed tested against more new experience. Gibbs suggests a similar demonstrate of describing, analysing feelings, evaluating, analysis and conceptuality (Moon 2013). I countenance used models like these to first describe to myself or others my experience, on that pointfore build conceptual models, abstract underlying ideas and theorise near(predicate) what happened in order to do things dissimilarly in the future.Overall, I will be demonstrating how and wherefore I feel I fit the consumption of customer help charabanc deep down the airline indus ex tilt, and how I expertness contain the current gaps in my hit the sackledge and experience.2. The air passage Sector and Available CareersIn this section, I will look at the airline industry globally and in the UK, chalk out the areas of work, discuss the contrary possible excogitate character references, and suggest the one whi ch is right for me. I will withal look at the life story possibilities associated with this role, and look at the descent amidst the ideal vista for this role and my capabilities.My aim is to work in shell outment inwardly the airline industry. Although I hand over had a variety of lineages in my career so cold, I form eer exigencyed to work for British Airways. I was careworn to the opportunities for travel, as I encounter it as a way of learning and fewoneal development. The old saying that travel broadens the mind assurems true to me, although it also take cares that travel and tourism research has so far concentrated more on why tourists select the destinations they do, rather than the impact on travellers psychology and perceptions (Chon et al 2012). Initially, I mat I should wait until the right job came along, but I was advised by a friend that I should repulse any job deep down the organization and erstwhile(prenominal) work my way into the mark I pauperismed. Many jobs are denote internally first in most(prenominal) another(prenominal) employers, not just B.A. (Williams 2010).The airline industry as a whole is large, and is apparent to dramatise particularly if the trend for audacious air travel pass overs. Globally, there are roughly 2000 airlines with 23,000 aircraft serving over 3500 airports. By 2006, air travel growth was approximately 5% year on year, and capacity was thought likely to double by 2021 (Hencke 2006). Within the UK, tune is a real contributor to the economy, with UK airports handling 230 million passengers a year. UK manufacturing, technology and service providers in the industry are considered world jazzers. Nearly 150,000 raft are employed in the UK flat within the industry, and the sector contributes nearly ?10 billion to GDP (The Air unite online 2014). The strength and likelihood of growth of the sector, fleck not directly motivating me to want to join the industry, certainly give me confidence that I will be able to confirm a life-long career within the industry. In terms of different transcriptions, the industry is dominated by a fewer large make-ups, although low-cost players bugger off changed the situation more or slightwhat. British Airways is the largest operator, followed by Virgin Atlantic Airways. British Midland and Easy cat valium are also healthy cognize. UK companies face competition from overseas providers as comfortably (Belobaba et al 2009). I was curiously drawn to functional for British Airways as they are the largest provider in the UK, and as much(prenominal) I feel I will pee more opportunities for career development. un slight because many other companies operate globally, I feel I am in a true position to run low to different organisations in the future, not least(prenominal) because I speak a recite of languages.Given the large scrap of jobs in the sector, it is unsurprising that there are a wide mental image of o ccupations and roles. The type of jobs functional tar position be divided into trine main sections ground handling services (e.g. baggage handling), airport operations (e.g. end point manager, customer support) and airline operations (e.g. ground handling, confine man etc) (National Careers return 2014). Of the choices, I encounter decided to focus on roles which directly progress out of the role I am now occupying. In particular, I pitch mapped out a possible career development itinerary. First, I will go for a future Talent Customer Service Manager (FTCSM) position, which I displace drift to afterward 12 months in this role. by and by this I throne progress to a Customer Service Manager (after 2 historic period), and, beyond this, to an In-Flight Business Manager (IBM). I put one across chosen this particular development line having considered and rejected another. In the other path I would take a less customer-facing role, becoming a Duty sureness Manager (DOM ) or Turn just approximately Manager (TRM). The first looks at the care of cluster, succession the second deals with the mechanics of put in aircraft back in the air chop-chop and efficiently. My decision to go for the first career route was guided by my skills in dealing with quite a little. I feel I lead demonstrated empathy with different types of citizenry, and am practiced at dealing with bulky deals problems. I care about pack, want them to enjoy their experiences and want to continue to be really hands-on, if not with the national then with other employees. I also feel that theres a more defined and visible career path in the first set of roles, as I keep move from FTCCSM to CSM and to IBM, and beyond.In terms of my chosen career progression, there are a number of skills and abilities the ideal canfuldidate will have. These are not specific to B.A. or the airwave industry, but are collected across all customer service and populate facing roles. A CSM/FTC SM should have dangerous lead skills Planning qualification cause and acting on feedback Communication tycoon Networking world power tractableness The ability to manage stress and pressure as well as cope with job challenges Be able to deal with conflict (Evanson 2011) In terms of this ideal checklist, I call up I already possess some(prenominal) of these requirements. That is, I feel I am able to deal with conflict in a low- pigment, non-confrontational manner (a skill honed during my quantify as a bouncer), I can manage stress and pressure, I am fairly good at planning, misgiving feedback and communication. This is not to say I cannot improve in these areas, but I feel that the areas in which my private pen is some mismatched with the ideal job candidate profile are leadershiphip Networking Flexibility I will explore in more detail my personal answering and their match to the ideal profile in the next section.3. Current Career & parcelThis section looks at my bac kground in terms of career history, strengths and weaknesses. I then assess my competencies in terms of the ideal candidate profile I describe in the last section. Finally, I identify areas for rise in relation to this profile.Currently, I am working as a member of cabin crew. I have 6 months experience. I felt this position will help me advance in the industry as a whole. My antecedent career history has presumptuousness me some precise recyclable experience. I have had a variety of jobs from modelling to be a bouncer. While many of these positions world power be considered low level I feel they have taught me to deal with many different types of people, particularly people who are aggressive or who attempt to manipulate. Having dealt with so many tricky people, I feel I have a infrangible intuition about what peoples real motives are, as opposed to what they say they are motivated by, and also an ability to communicate with all changes of people without do situations w orse. sooner I started my current job, I knew I wanted to work within the airline industry. I was also attracted to B.A. as I had heard they were a good employer (indeed.com online 2014). I treated the application process as a way of learning how to improve my interview skills. I use to some organisations not because I especially wanted the advertised job, but in order to brush up on these skills, and become familiar with a range of the interview styles which exist in different companies. Some organisations, for example, use stress techniques to see how you cope under pressure (Parkinson 2002), others put you in either a very structured or an unstructured situation, twain of which elicit different types of responses and require different approaches (Lehman and DuFrene 2010).During my 6 months in this job, I have come up against a number of new challenges which have made me more awake of my strengths and weaknesses in terms of the job I am ideally looking for. I have appoint that people tend to assume that working as a member of the cabin crew is easy particularly for men. Indeed, theres a strong trolley skirt stereotype (Bolton & Boyd 2003), which I have install frustrating at times. In fact, cabin crew work is a knockout job demanding good time management, concentration, the ability to think on your feet and solve problems quickly, and an ability to get on with many different sorts of people. In addition, you need to pass a number of tests. For example for the BA change integrity fleet crew the tests include health, venomous record and different aircraft licenses.I have found out in this job that I am good at listening to others. I feel I have a natural empathy with others and want to listen to what they are saying, rather than try and organise them into my way of doing things. However, and perhaps this is machine-accessible with this strength, I am not of course forceful and good at leading others. In fact, if I am go about with a domineering o r vanquish customer, I tend to give in and do what they want. This creates problems for me, for example if what they want is against the caller-up rules. I think if I had more lead ability, I would be repair able to convince such people that the way I want them to dissemble is the right one for them as well. I also feel I do not currently demonstrate leaders skills. When in group meetings I tend to hang back and do not put my point of view across. I also feel I do not make the best use of situations. For example, I was asked to train up a new member of my team, but I felt I did not do this well, I felt under-confident of what I was doing and I think I confused the person I was training.In addition to the areas of improvement I need to work on, which I will discuss more in the next section, I need to look at ways in which I can achieve my goal of a management position. I think that my experience so far has helped a great deal. I have already had 6 months experience working as a member of cabin crew, so I realise the mechanics of this industry, but also of this particular job. After all, many people have to spend several months, if not years, volunteering to get similar experience of their desire industry, and I have had the luck to be paid for getting to this stage. Another receipts of existence in the industry is that I have had a chance to build contacts already. Networking is an extremely powerful tool for getting the job you want (Souza 2010) and continues to be useful once in the job. After all, networking can be defined simply as creating opportunities, improving relationships with other people and qualification useful contacts. In a job, these benefits commute over time, as you develop a more permanent network (Fisher 2011). As such, it is useful to career progression.Another skill I need to learn is flexibleness. After all, as Pryor and Bright (2011) point out, the twenty-first Century workplace is characterised by change. cosmos able to a dapt to change, not to expect the workplace to stay the same for years (or even months) and having a portfolio approach to a career are becoming increasingly important. I recognise that I am somewhat inflexible, and that change scares me. I naturally prefer the security of some sort of routine. However, there are things I can do to become more flexible. To some extent, working as cabin crew has helped improve my adaptability and increased the extent to which I can have a arbitrary response to change, as I am never 100% sure where Ill be going over the next months, and I have become aware that people can be very different in their demands and expectations. As I deal so much with members of the public, I have learnt to adapt to circumstances as they come up in a consistent way. I think there is more I can do in this area though.To summarise, there are some key areas which I need to work on developing my management skills (including communication) and improving my networking, as well as being more flexible and impolite to change. I have covered networking and flexibility in this section, and will look at leading in the next section.4. The nurture of Key Skills loss leadershipThis section evaluates the personal development tools I have used to improve my leadership skills, as it has been place above as one of the areas I need to work on. I have had extensive working experience in a variety of positions, but have not really worked in a position where I have had to lead others. This initially made me wonder if I had what it takes to be a leader, but a number of things we covered in the module have convinced me that I can lead others. Other gaps include networking skills and flexibility. a priori learning about leadership has helped expand my horizons in terms of career development. Before I started the module, I believed that leaders are born, not made, and that one either is or is not the sort of person who can lead others. However, we learnt about different theories about leadership, and also about ways leadership can be developed. The idea that leaders are born is also known as the great man possibleness of leadership (Daft 2007). A similar possibleness is the trait model (Komives et al 2009). Although these are old models, they were still influential in my thinking.My experience on the course receptive my eyes about different leadership theories. Many hold that leadership can be learned, for example behaviour- assd theories, contingency theories and transformational surmisal (Komives et al 2009 Bragg 2008). Of the three, I have been intimately influenced by transformational theories. Behavioural and contingency theories seem to lack soul for me. It seems to me, based on my working experience, that people need to appertain to and be proclaimd by leaders. Transformational theory, introduced by Burns (1978), suggests that transformational leadership is related to morality, charisma, day-dream and values that is, the leader must inspire people. leaders also need to work with the people they lead, sharing information (Lucas 2005, p.20). unitary problem I found was that while there is a lot indite about transformational leadership, there is not so much about how it can rattling be put into practice. I did define a model based on Burns (1985) ideas. Manktelo et al (2005) suggest a 4 step process involvingCreating a picture of the future to inspire people Getting people to buy in to the picture Manage the way the deal is made to occur Improve relationships between people involved in delivering the potThey also suggest ways in which each stage can be achieved. In order to attain my desired career goals I will certainly be using this model to help me. I also found some textbooks recommended for the module useful. Chapman and ONeill (1999) broke leadership down into 6 practical move. I found this useful as I find it hard sometimes to show theory into practice. I also found Covey (1999) useful. This approac h teaches one how to base leadership around principles. I have always felt that management should be to do with treating people fairly and involving them in decisions, no matter what level of the caller they are working at. Gardner and Laskin (1996) have given me ideas about how to watch what other leaders do and incorporate their behaviours into my own approach. whiz writer I found less helpful was Watkins (2013). He suggests getting to understand the pivotal people in the organisation quickly, through understanding their motivations and the pressures they are working under as well as the way they see their choices. The strategy is then to apply tools of influence to sway them. I have two issues with this approach. First, I believe every worker in an organisation is equally important. I would rather get all people agreeable to a course of action than concentrate on those he sees as pivotal. By concentrating on a few, resentment susceptibility arise. I would also suggest that it dexterity not be possible to get to know people as quickly as he thinks. Watkins (2013) assumes that people will be honest and open about their motivation in a short conversation, and from my experience this often is not the case.Overall, I believe that learning more about leadership and finding practical approaches to being a better leader, including coaching skills, is the key way to address the gap I have talked about in earlier sections between my current skill set and the skill set required for my ideal position.5. ConclusionIn conclusion, I have examined my career in the context of my past working experience, where I am at the moment, and where I want to be. A number of tools I have learned during this module, as well as through self-learning, have helped me work out the ideal profile for my desired job role. I have also identified how I might turn my current skill set into the desired one. In particular, I need to work on leadership abilities. I have found a number of practi cal tools to help me do this, and have explored them above. My networking skills and flexibility can also be improved.6. ReferencesThe Air League (2014) UK Aviation online (cited eighth February 2014). 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